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| 1402 |
| | | The Ottoman sultan Bayazid is defeated and captured near Ankara by Timur, who keeps the sultan in captivity until his death the following year | |
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| 1410 |
| | | The Poles defeat the Teutonic knights between Tannenberg and Grunwald, bringing the coastal strip around Gdansk into the Polish kingdom | |
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| 1415 |
| | | Henry V wins a victory on St Crispin's day at Agincourt, against a much larger and more heavily armed French force | |
|  | Indenture committing an English gentleman to fight with Henry V in France
National Archives, Kew
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| 1444 |
| | | A Turkish army routs the Hungarians at Varna on the Black Sea, beginning a process which brings the Turks to the gates of Belgrade by 1456 | |
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| 1453 |
| | | The French win a convincing victory at Castillon, recovering the last stronghold (except Calais) held by the English in France | |
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| 1455 |
| | | An engagement at St Albans is the first battle in the 30-year struggle between the white and red roses of York and Lancaster | |
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| 1476 |
| | | The Swiss win a decisive victory at Morat over the army of Charles the Bold, duke of Burgundy | |
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| 1485 |
| | | Henry Tudor kills Richard III at Bosworth Field and takes the crown as Henry VII | |
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| 1513 |
| | | James IV of Scotland dies at Flodden, in the disastrous defeat of his army by the English | |
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| 1515 |
| | | The king of France, Francis I, wins a dramatic victory at Marignano and captures Milan | |
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